Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) is a division of Johns Hopkins University based in Washington, D.C., United States, with campuses in Bologna, Italy and Nanjing, China. It is generally considered the top graduate school for international relations in the world. The institution is devoted to the study of international affairs, economics, diplomacy, and policy research and education.

The school is regarded as a major center of political debate as it served as a base for a number of prominent political scientists and economists. Among them are political economy scholar Francis Fukuyama; former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski and military historian and former Counselor of the U.S. Department of State Eliot Cohen. Its students are selected from a large pool of applicants from all parts of the world.

The SAIS main campus is located on Massachusetts Avenue's Embassy Row, just off Dupont Circle and across from the Brookings Institution and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and next to the Center for Global Development and the Peterson Institute.

History
SAIS was founded in 1943 by Paul H. Nitze and Christian Herter and became part of The Johns Hopkins University in 1950. The school was established during World War II by a group of statesmen who sought new methods of preparing men and women to cope with the international responsibilities that would be thrust upon the United States in the postwar world.

The founders assembled a faculty of scholars and professionals (often borrowed from other universities) to teach international relations, international economics, and foreign languages to a small group of students. The curriculum was designed to be both scholarly and practical. The natural choice for the location of the school was Washington, D.C., a city where international resources are abundant and where American foreign policy is shaped and set in motion. When the school opened in 1944, 15 students were enrolled.

In 1955, the school created the Bologna Center in Italy, the first full-time graduate school located in Europe under an American higher-education system. By 1963, SAIS outgrew its first quarters on Florida Avenue and moved to one of its present buildings on Massachusetts Avenue. In 1986, the Hopkins-Nanjing Center was created in Nanjing, China, completing the school's global presence.

Organization and Academic Programs
SAIS is a global school with campuses in three continents. It has nearly 600 full-time students in Washington, D.C., 190 full-time students in Bologna, Italy and about 160 full-time students in Nanjing, China. Of these, 60% come from the United States and 37% from more than 70 other countries. Around 50% are women and 22% are from U.S. minority groups. The SAIS Bologna Center is the only full-time international relations graduate program in Europe that operates under an American higher-education system, and the Hopkins-Nanjing Center, which teaches courses in both Chinese and English, is jointly administered by SAIS and Nanjing University.

SAIS offers multi-disciplinary instruction leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of International Public Policy (MIPP, a mid-career full-time degree), and Doctor of Philosophy. Approximately 300 students graduate from SAIS Washington, D.C. campus each year from the 2-year Master of Arts program in International Relations and International Economics. Unlike most other international affairs graduate schools that offer professional Master degrees, SAIS requires its Master of Arts candidates to fulfill the International Economics program along with their chosen functional or regional concentration; to complete a foreign language proficiency examination; and in lieu of a customary Master thesis, to pass a 1-hour capstone oral examination synthesizing and integrating knowledge from the student's regional or functional concentration and International Economics. The Oral Examination and International Economics requirements of the SAIS Master of Arts curriculum have been the signature aspects of the school's education.

Courses are taught in 20 programs, including International Economics, International Relations (IR/Conflict Management, IR/Energy, Resources and Environment, IR/Global Theory & History, IR/International Law and Organizations, IR/Strategic Studies), International Development, African Studies, American Foreign Policy, Asian Studies (Asia/China Studies, Asia/Japan Studies, Asia/Korea Studies, Asia/Southeast Asia Studies, Asia/South Asia Studies), European Studies, Middle East Studies, Russia & Eurasia Studies, Western Hemisphere Studies (Western Hemisphere/Canada Studies, Western Hemisphere/Latin America Studies), and 15 foreign languages.

SAIS also maintains formal joint-degree programs with the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, INSEAD, the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University, Columbia Law School, Stanford Law School, University of Virginia School of Law, Nanjing University, and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University.

Reputation
A study conducted by the Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations[1] at the College of William & Mary examined graduate international relations programs throughout the United States, interviewing over 1,000 professionals in the field, with the results subsequently published in the November/December 2005 issue of Foreign Policy magazine. One of study's questions asked: "What do you consider the top five terminal masters programs in international relations for students looking to pursue a policy career?" From the study, 65% of respondents named Johns Hopkins University-SAIS as being the top-ranked program. SAIS received the most votes, followed by Georgetown University (Walsh), Harvard University (Kennedy), Tufts University (Fletcher), and Columbia University (SIPA). In 2007, Foreign Policy magazine produced the same study, and while SAIS remained one of the top-ranked programs, it moved to second position as Georgetown (Walsh) received the most votes.

Since 1990, SAIS and the Fletcher School have been the only non-law schools in the United States to participate in the prestigious Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. Competing against full-time law students, SAIS generalists have performed very well. SAIS has twice placed second overall out of 12 schools and advanced to the "final four" in its region. In head-to-head competitions, SAIS has defeated law schools such as Georgetown University, the University of Virginia, and the University of Maryland.

SAIS students have also demonstrated their versatility by successfully competing in the Sustainable Innovation Summit Challenge hosted by the Thunderbird School of Global Management in Glendale, Arizona. Two different SAIS teams won first place in both 2007 and 2008, besting teams of MBA students from some of the world's top business schools.

A joint team from SAIS and the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business received second place in the first "Global Challenge" competition, a first-of-its-kind competition that challenged teams of MBA and other graduate students to develop a public-private venture to support development and the tourism industry in Asia. The competition was organized in 2010 by the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

Annual Theme
Since 2005, SAIS has dedicated a substantive theme for each academic year in order to encourage its students, faculty, academic programs, policy centers, and alumni to examine the role of the particular theme within international affairs. These specific themes provide opportunities for the school to review scholarship and exchange views through special lectures, conferences, and guest speakers. The annual themes also allow SAIS to enhance its fundraising with high-profile public events such as the lecture delivered by then Vice President of BP, Nick Butler, during "The Year of Energy at SAIS" in 2005.

2005/2006 - Year of Energy
2006/2007 - Year of China
2007/2008 - Year of Elections and Foreign Policy
2008/2009 - Year of Water
2009/2010 - Year of Religion
2010/2011 - Year of Demography
2011/2012 - Year of Agriculture

Research Centers
JHU Foreign Policy Institute
Bologna Institute for Policy Research (Italy)
Center for Canadian Studies
Central Asia-Caucasus Institute
Silk Road Studies Program
Center For Constitutional Studies And Democratic Development (Italy)
Center for Displacement Studies
Center for International Business and Public Policy
Center for Strategic Education
Center for Transatlantic Relations
Center on Politics and Foreign Relations
Cultural Conversations
Hopkins-Nanjing Research Center (China)
Grassroots China Initiative
Institute for International Research (China)
International Energy, Resources and Environment Program (ERE)
International Reporting Project
Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies
The Protection Project
Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies
Bernard L. Schwartz Forum on Constructive Capitalism
SME Institute
Swiss Foundation for World Affairs
U.S.-Korea Institute at SAIS
Global Energy and Environment Initiative
Global Health and Foreign Policy Initiative

Publications
In addition to the different books and periodicals edited by SAIS programs or research centers, several school-wide publications are to be mentioned:

38 North is a popular blog maintained by the U.S.-Korea Institute about North Korean affairs.
SAIS Review, founded in 1956, journal dedicated to advancing the debate on leading contemporary issues of world affairs.
SAIS Observer is a student-written, student-run newspaper.Founded in 2002, it is the official student newspaper of the global SAIS community.
SAISphere, published annually, features articles about current issues in international affairs, alumni class notes, as well as happenings at the school's campuses.
SAIS Reports, a newsletter published bimonthly from September through May, highlights new faculty, research institutes, academic programs, student and alumni accomplishments as well as major events at the school.
Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs, published annually and founded in 1994, is a student-run journal focused on scholarly contributions to international relations.
Centerpiece, Nanjing Center's alumni newsletter.
Guide To Experts in International Affairs, published every two years.
Working Paper Series, managed by the PhD students.

Notable Alumini
SAIS has over 15,000 alumni working in approximately 140 countries. Over 130 SAIS graduates have become Ambassadors throughout the world.

Madeleine Albright - Former U.S. Secretary of State (attended SAIS, but did not earn degree)
Mahamat Ali Adoum - Former Foreign Affairs minister, Chad's Ambassador to the United Nations
Peter F. Allgeier - former Deputy U.S. Trade Representative and former acting U.S. Trade Representative
Cresencio S. Arcos - Former U.S. Ambassador to Honduras, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement, and former Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for International Affairs
Nancy Birdsall - Founding President of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C.
Robert O. Blake, Jr. - Former U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives and nominated to be U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs Department of State
Wolf Blitzer - CNN news anchor
Adam Boulton - Sky News political editor
Jeremy Bowen - BBC journalist and presenter
Gayleatha B. Brown - Former U.S. Ambassador to Benin and current Ambassador designee to Burkina Faso
R. Nicholas Burns - Former U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, former U.S. Ambassador to NATO and Greece
Rocco Antonio Cangelosi - Italian Diplomat, Diplomatic Advisor to the President of the Italian Republic
James Cason - Former U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay
Herman Jay Cohen - U.S. diplomat, former Ambassador to various countries in Africa
Jean-Maurice Dehousse - Former Belgian Minister-President of the Wallonia region, Former Mayor of Liege
John Caspar Dreier - Former U.S. Ambassador to the Organization of American States
Hermann Eilts - Former U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Egypt, worked with Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat throughout the Camp David Accords
Jessica Einhorn -former Dean of SAIS, member of the Board of Directors of Time Warner, former Director of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a former Managing Director of the World Bank
Ángeles Espinosa - Senior Middle-East Correspondent of El País
Peter A. Flaherty - Director Emeritus of McKinsey & Company
Robert Stephen Ford - Former U.S. Ambassador to Algeria
Pamela P. Flaherty - President and CEO of Citigroup Foundation and Chair of the Johns Hopkins University Board of Trustees
Alan H. Fleischmann - Co-Founder of ImagineNations Group and Senior Counselor and director of Albright Stonebridge Group
Jeffrey Garten - Former U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, and former Dean of the Yale School of Management
Timothy F. Geithner - U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, former President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Gabriel Guerra-Mondragón - Former U.S. Ambassador to Chile
April Glaspie - American diplomat, first woman to be appointed U.S. Ambassador to an Arab country, best known as the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq in the run-up to the 1991 Gulf War
Geir H. Haarde - Former Prime Minister of Iceland
John J. Hamre - President and CEO of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense
Lawrence Hatheway - Chief Economist of UBS Investment Bank
John E. Herbst - Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine and Uzbekistan, current Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization as a career member of the Senior Foreign Service[17]
James Howard Holmes - Former U.S. Ambassador to Latvia
Devinda Subasinghe - Former Sri Lankan Ambassador to the United States
Hans Hoogervorst - Netherlands former Minister of Public Health, former Minister of Finance
Tracey Ann Jacobson - Former U.S. Ambassador to Turkmenistan and Tajikistan
Angela Kane - U.N. Undersecretary General for Management
Malcolm Kerr - American University of Beirut President and Academic, assassinated
Bert Koenders - Dutch Minister of Development Cooperation, Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Ellen Laipson - President of the Stimson Center
Frank Lavin - U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, former U.S. Ambassador to Singapore
Jim Leach - Chairman of National Endowment for the Humanities, former U.S. Representative from Iowa, former Chair of U.S. House of Representatives Banking & Financial Institutions Committee, former faculty and trustee at Princeton University
Lee Tae-sik - Former Republic of Korea's Ambassador to the United States
Samuel W. Lewis - Former U.S. Ambassador to Israel and U.S. Ambassador at the Camp David Accord talks in 1978
Baodong Li - Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations
Dennis P. Lockhart - President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
Peter Magowan - Former owner of the San Francisco Giants and former CEO of Safeway (attended SAIS, but did not earn degree)
Sir David Manning - British Ambassador to Israel (1995–1998), Foreign Policy Adviser to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair (2001–2003), British Ambassador to the United States (2003–2007)
Maurizio Massari - Italian Diplomat, former Head of the Policy Analysis and Planning Unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
John E. McLaughlin - Former Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Christopher Meyer - British Ambassador to the United States during the Second Gulf War
Marcia Miller - Former Vice-Chair and Commissioner of the U.S. International Trade Commission
Federico Minoli - Former CEO of Ducati Motor Holding
Ana Belen Montes - Spy for Cuba working at the Defense Intelligence Agency and arrested in 2001
Loretta Napoleoni, best selling author of Terror Incorporated and Insurgent Iraq. She is an expert on financing of terrorism and advises several governments on counter-terrorism
Andreas Nick (Politiker), Member of German Parliament (Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages), Germany
Pat O'Brien - Television personality
John E. Osborn - Former commissioner, U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy; affiliate faculty in law and international studies, University of Washington; senior executive with life sciences companies Cephalon and Onyx Pharmaceuticals
Claudio Pacifico - Italian diplomat, Italian Ambassador to Egypt
Ronald D. Palmer - Former U.S. Ambassador to Malaysia
Gerhard Pfanzelter - Secretary General of the CEI, Former Permanent Representative of Austria to the UN, Ambassador of Austria to Syria, Senegal, Gambia, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Mauritania
Nicholas Platt - Former U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan, Philippines, and Zambia; former President of the Asia Society
Charles P. Ries - Current U.S. Minister for Economic Affairs and Coordinator for Economic Transition in Iraq, former U.S. Ambassador to Greece
Marcie Berman Ries - Former U.S. Ambassador to Albania
William A. Reinsch - Member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, former President of the National Foreign Trade Council, former Under Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration
Arturo Sarukhán - Mexico's Ambassador to the United States
David Shear - U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam
Gabriel Silva Luján - Colombia's twice Ambassador to the United States, and Minister of Defence
Bandar bin Sultan - Saudi Arabia's former Ambassador to the United States
Cui Tiankai - People's Republic of China's Ambassador to the United States of America, former Vice Foreign Minister
Roberto Toscano - Italian diplomat, former Italian Ambassador to India, and Iran
Lousewies van der Laan - Former leader of Democrats 66 in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Michael G. Vickers - Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Department of Defense
Cassandra D. Waldon - Chief, External Communications Office, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Jacob Walles - U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia
Wang Guangya - People's Republic of China's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nation
Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. - Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State
Jody Williams - Nobel Peace Prize recipient for her leadership of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines
Tomicah Tillemann - Senior Advisor to the U.S. Secretary of State for Civil Society and Emerging Democracies (MA, Ph.D.)
Irving A. Williamson - Commissioner of the U.S. International Trade Commission
Lois Wolk - member of the California State Senate
Anne E. Derse - U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania, SAIS'81
Andrew C. Kuchins - Director and Senior Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Program, Center for Strategic & International Studies (MA, Ph.D.)

Past and Present Faculty
Fouad Ajami - Professor of Middle Eastern Studies
Lucius D. Battle - Former U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, Assistant Secretary of State for the Near East and Africa, and President, Middle East Institute; founded SAIS Foreign Policy Institute
Peter Bergen - CNN terrorism analyst and author of Holy War, Inc
Zbigniew Brzezinski - Former National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter
Edward B. Burling - Partner of the law firm Covington & Burling
David P. Calleo - Director of European Studies, author of Rethinking Europe's Future
Marco Cesa - Professor of International Relations
Rajiv Chandrasekaran - Associate Editor, The Washington Post; former SAIS journalist-in-residence for the International Reporting Project, author of Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq's Green Zone
Eliot A. Cohen - Professor of Strategic Studies, former Counselor of the U.S. Department of State, author of Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War and Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime
W. Max Corden - Trade economist, developed Dutch disease model.
Francis Deng - Former Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons
Luis Ernesto Derbez - Mexican Minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs
David Dodge - Former governor of the Bank of Canada
Eric S. Edelman - Former U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, former U.S. Ambassador to Finland and Turkey, visiting scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies and Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
Jessica Einhorn - Current Dean of SAIS, member of the Board of Directors of Time Warner, former Director of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a former Managing Director of the World Bank
Francis Fukuyama - Professor of International Political Economy, Director of the SAIS International Development program, and author of The End of History and the Last Man
Grace Goodell - Professor of International Development
Jakub J. Grygiel - George H. W. Bush Assistant Professor of International Relations
Daniel Hamilton (scholar) - Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations
Christian Herter - Former U.S. Secretary of State and Governor of Massachusetts
Josef Joffe - German journalist
Majid Khadduri - Professor of Islamic Law and Middle East specialist
Kenneth H. Keller - Current Director of the SAIS Bologna Center, former President of the University of Minnesota system
Pravin Krishna - Chung Ju Yung Professor of International Economics and Business
Anne O. Krueger - Professor of International Economics, former First Deputy Managing Director of the IMF and World Bank Chief Economist; former President, American Economic Association
David M. Lampton - George and Sadie Hyman Professor of China Studies, Director of the China Studies Program, and Dean of Faculty
Paul Linebarger - Former Professor of Asian Studies, best known as a science fiction author under the pseudonym Cordwainer Smith
Marisa Lino - Former Director of the SAIS Bologna Center, former U.S. Ambassador to Albania, and former Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Michael Mandelbaum - Professor of American Foreign Policy
Mohamed Mattar - Executive Director of The Protection Project
John E. McLaughlin - Former Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution
Robert H. Mundell - Nobel Prize in Economics laureate, 1999
Kendall Myers - Former U.S. Foreign Service Officer and SAIS part-time faculty member who was arrested in 2009 on charges of 30 years of espionage on behalf of Cuba
Azar Nafisi - Iranian-American academic and author of Reading Lolita in Tehran and "Things I've Been Silent About"
Paul H. Nitze - Drafter of NSC-68 creating the U.S. Cold War strategy of containment
Don Oberdorfer - Journalist, Korea expert
Robert E. Osgood - Third Dean of SAIS, former Director of the American Foreign Policy program and co-director of the Security Studies program, and former member of the U.S. Secretary of State's Policy Planning Council from 1983 to 1985.[21]
Henry Paulson - Former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Bernard Schwartz Forum on Constructive Capitalism
Riordan Roett - Professor of Latin American Studies
Carlo Maria Santoro - Former Professor of International Relations
Stephen M. Schwebel - Former Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Organization at SAIS and former Judge and President of the International Court of Justice, currently leading international arbitrator and counsel in Washington, D.C.
András Simonyi - Former Ambassador of Hungary to the United States
Robert Skidelsky - Economist, biographer of John Maynard Keynes
R. Jeffrey Smith - Former journalist-in-residence, Pulitzer Prize winner
Dorothy Sobol - Former Vice-president of Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Stephen Szabo - Former Professor of European Studies, current Head of the Transatlantic Academy at the German Marshall Fund
Shirin R. Tahir-Kheli - Former Research Professor, former Special Assistant to the President and National Security Council Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights and International Operations
Nate Thayer (Visiting Scholar) - Investigative journalist who interviewed Pol Pot and Kang Kek Iew
Dale C. Thomson - Director of the Center of Canadian Studies, author, Secretary/Advisor to Canadian Prime Minister, Louis St. Laurent
Robert W. Tucker - Former Professor of American Foreign Policy, and co-author of The Imperial Temptation: The New World Order and America's Purpose
David Unger - Journalist, Member of the New York Times Editorial Board, author of The Emergency State: America's Pursuit of Absolute Security at All Costs
Ruth Wedgwood - Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, and Director of the Program in International Law and Organizations; U.S. member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee
Paul Wolfowitz - Former President of the World Bank, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, former Dean of SAIS
I. William Zartman - Former Professor and Director of the SAIS Conflict Management program
Alejandro Toledo (Visiting Scholar) - Former President of Peru.